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Have you ever wondered what a certain ingredient was doing in the product you were using?
In the United States, Australia and European Union, ingredients must be listed on all skin care products in the order of their amount with the largest amount being listed first and the smallest being listed last. The top third of the list will often comprise about 90-95% of the total product so ingredients listed at the bottom of the list are in very small amounts. But who knows what most of those scientific ingredient names do!
You can now get the answers with this list of definitions for the major ingredients used in men’s skin, shaving and hair care products. Product ingredient lists are very helpful to anyone with any type of skin sensitivity or allergy. Keep in mind that some companies include beneficial ingredients but the amount included is too small to be of much impact.
Also included in the glossary are often used terms about men’s skin care, hair care, oral care and health care.
A
Acacia Gum
Commonly known as gum arabic, a natural gum substance that is taken from two sub-Saharan species of the acacia tree, Acacia Senegal and Acacia Seyal. It is used primarily as a stabilizer and natural thickener.
Acai
Berry from the Amazon with antioxidant properties. Used in foods, drinks, and skin care products.
Acne
Acne is the inflammation of skin glands and hair follicles usually characterized by pimples on the face. It is more common among teenagers but can occur at any age.
Actinic Keratosis
Actinic Keratosis is a skin condition of rough, small reddish patches on the skin. More common in fair-skin people.
Active Ingredients
Active Ingredients are ingredients regulated by the US Federal Drug Agency (FDA). Active Ingredients are clearly listed and separated on label ingredient listings. Most skin care ingredients are not regulated by the FDA unless manufacturers make specific claims based on clinical studies. Some examples of Active Ingredients regulated by the FDA are sunscreen ingredients and skin lightening ingredients.
Age Spots
People often refer to brown spots on the hands, body and face as age spots. Usually, these spots are caused by sun exposure and become more common with age. The spots can be lightened by using products containing hydroquinone or kojic acid.
Agrimony Leaf
Used for calming, toning and as an astringent. Benefical in eye wash. Also anti-inflammatory.
Alcohol
There are a wide range of compounds called alcohols used in skin care products. Some alcohols such as ethanol, denatured alcohol, ethyl alcohol, methanol, benzyl alcohol, isopropyl and SD alcohol can be very drying and irritate the skin. These types of alcohols, traditionally used in many men’s aftershave products and considered “manly” because of their stinging feel on the skin, should be avoided and never applied after shaving.
Algae, Algae Extract
Rich in minerals, algae is basically seaweed used for its antioxidant and thickening properties in skin care products. Purifies and nourishes the skin. Reduces moisture loss.
Allantoin
Allantoin is a skin soother and anti-bacterial ingredient made from the comfrey plant and used to promote healing in minor cuts, burns and sunburns. It is often used on irritated or sensitive skin to soothe and calm the skin.
Allergy Tested
Products that caused no reaction when tested on people with allergy-sensitive skin. Skin allergies can cause itching, redness, swelling or other skin reactions by exposure to a product. Allergy tested products are often made without fragrances and preservatives which are common causes of cosmetic allergies.
Almond Oil
Almond Oil is extracted from the seeds of almonds and has antioxidants and Vitamin D. It is a very good moisturizer for dry and irritated skin.
Aloe, Aloe Vera, Aloe Vera Gel or Oil, Aloe Barbadensis
These are all variations of ingredients from the leaves of aloe plants and known for their moisturizing and soothing skin properties. Often used for sunburn skin or minor burns and wounds to relieve pain. Used for centuries and among the most well-known herbal remedies.
Alpha Bisabolol
Comes from the Chamomile plant. Used for hundreds of years to help heal skin. It's anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties protect and soothe sun exposed and damaged skin.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids or AHA’s
These natural, mild ingredients are frequently used in skin care products to remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, remove blackheads and brown spots, and help the effectiveness of moisturizers. The most common AHA’s are glycolic acid made from sugar cane, lactic acid made from milk, malic acid made from apples, and citric acid made from citrus fruits.
Most skin care products have AHA concentrations ranging from 5% to 15%. Products with AHA’s should clearly state their level of concentration. Higher levels of concentration can sometimes cause skin irritation. Concentrations greater than 10% are often only available through dermatologists. AHA’s may increase the risk of sunburn.
Alpha Lipoic Acid, Lipoic Acid, (ALA)
Alpha Lipoic Acid is an enzyme and antioxidant often promoted as a major “wrinkle cure” that is applied directly to the skin. It has shown promise but has not yet undergone rigid clinical testing to prove whether it benefits the skin when applied through a cream or lotion.
Aluminum Chlorohydrate
Aluminum Chlorohydrate is used in many antiperspirants to reduce underarm sweating.
Aluminum Oxide
Aluminum Oxide is used to exfoliate the skin. It is a crystalline material used to gently remove the top layers of dead skin.
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate is commonly used as a mild cleansing agent. It is made from natural coconut oils.
Anthelios SX
This sunscreen containing ecamsule and blocks the sun’s UVA rays from penetrating the skin. It was approved for sale in the US in July 2006.
Anthocyanins
Powerful antioxidants that give fruits and vegetables their colors. A common anthocyanin used in skin care products is grape seed extract.
Antibacterial
There are ingredients that can prevent, slow or kill bacteria. There are many antibacterial substances used in skin care products.
Anti-Inflammatory
A product, ingredient, or substance that reduces inflammation.
Anti-Irritants
These ingredients counter the irritating effects from the sun, pollution, chemicals and other products. Anti-irritants in skin care products promote the healing of the skin. Some common anti-irritants include aloe, green tea, grape extract, and willow bark.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants help protect the human body from free radicals which contribute greatly to the aging process. Free radicals are caused by sunlight, oxygen, pollution and diet. Science is constantly learning more about the benefits of antioxidants which can be obtained through diet, supplements, or rubbed directly onto your skin. Antioxidants are having a huge impact on the skin care industry and many antioxidant breakthroughs are expected in the coming years. Antioxidants should be beneficial for cell turnover, maintaining moisture, and promoting healthy skin. Many aftershaves and moisturizers are now packed with antioxidants to hopefully improve the appearance of a man’s skin. Some common antioxidants include Vitamins A (Retinyl Palmitate), C (Ascorbic Acid), and E (Tocopherol or Tocopheryl Acetate); coenzyme Q10, and alpha lipoic acid. Natural ingredients containing high levels of antioxidants include green tea, grape seed extract, almond oil and avocado oil.
Apricot Oil, Apricot Kernel Oil
Apricot Oil is extracted from apricots and used to smooth, soften and protect the skin. Moisturizes without leaving an oily film
Arnica
Arnica is a stimulant often used in products rubbed on muscle aches to increase circulation and hopefully reduce pain and inflammation. It should never be used on unbroken skin as it can be very irritating. Made from the flower heads of a herb.
Arnica Extract
Arnica Extract is an anti-inflammatory extract used to soothe the skin, and treat swelling and bruising. It is made from daisy flowers.
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
Ascorbic Acid, which is the scientific name for Vitamin C, naturally occurs in many fresh fruits and vegetables. A well-known and often used antioxidant in skin care to help improve the appearance of the skin.
Ascorbyl Palmitate (Vitamin C ester)
Ascorbyl Palmitate is a non-acid form of vitamin C and considered to be a good antioxidant.
Astrigent
Astringents are a type of toner often used to control oily and blemished skin. Contain high amounts of alcohol which can potentially be irritating to the skin so use with caution. Tightens the skin and pores.
Avobenzene (Parsol 1789)
Avobenzene is a sunscreen ingredient used to protect skin from the UVA rays of the sun. Parsol 1789 is the trade name for Avobenzene.
Avocado Oil
Avocado Oil is extracted from avocados and used to soothe, moisturize, and soften the skin and treat the scalp. It’s often used on dry skin. One of the few vegetable oils containing protein, it penetrates the skin deeply without leaving an oily film on the skin. Said to stimulate hair growth. Rich in vitamins A, D, and E.
Athlete’s Foot
A common ailment caused by a contagious fungus usually picked up by walking barefoot in a gym or swimming pool area. Symptoms may include itching, cracked skin, red scales on feet, peeling skin, and small blisters. The fungus usually doesn’t thrive in dark moist conditions so air out your feet – get your socks off when you get home and expose your feet to the air. If the condition persists, see your doctor.
Azulene, Azulene Extract
Azulene is used to soothe irritated skin and minimize redness. Made from chamomile plants, it is often recommended for those with sensitive skin or conditions like rosacea. Anti-imflammatory properties.
B
Balsam
A woody scent used in cologne. Comes from the sticky resin that comes from trees when cut.
Bar Soaps (Hand Soaps)
These are fine for washing hands but should not be used on the face. The ingredients in bar soaps can be very drying and abrasive on facial skin.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common form of skin cancer usually caused by too much sun exposure.
Benzocaine
Benzocaine numbs the skin and is used in many shaving creams and gels. However, the numbing factor may contribute to razor burn from pushing the razor too hard across the face while shaving. Also used in some aftershave balms to relieve the skin of pain.
Benzoyl Peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide has been often used in treating acne. However, it can sometimes over-dry the skin causing even more breakouts.
Benzophenone-3
This is a sunscreen used to prevent damage from UV-A and UV-B sunlight.
Bergamot, Bergamot Oil
Bergamot comes from the Bergamot tree in Italy and often used for its antiseptic properties.
Beeswax
Beeswax is natural wax made by bees in honeycombs. Long used in skin care products to help moisturize and protect the skin. Popular scent.
Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHA)
Beta Hydroxy Acids are used for their exfoliating properties. Often used in treating acne. A common BHA is salicylic acid.
Benzoyl Peroxide (BP)
Benzoyl Peroxide is a common antibacterial ingredient used to minimize acne. It is often prescribed by dermatologists. It can be drying, irritating and cause skin to peel.
Bilberry Extract
Bilberry Extract is made from the bilberry fruit. Filled with antioxidants, it is used to treat bruises, inflammation, fine lines and wrinkles. Rich in alpha hydroxyl acids, it acts a gentle exfoliator.
Bioflavonoids
Bioflavonoids are found in all blue and purple berries, apricots, cherries, parsley and legumes. Bioflavonoids are considered to be strong free radical scavengers.
Biotin
Biotin is typically used in hair products to add body and shine.
Bisabolol
Bisabolol is a resin obtained from trees in Africa. It is used to reduce sensitivity and inflammation. Soothes and calms skin.
Blackhead
Blackheads are common types of pimples that occur when the pores of the skin get clogged with the skin’s own oil.
Botanicals
Botanicals are ingredients derived from plants and often used for their soothing or fragrant properties. Botanicals are not necessarily good or bad as some botanicals can soothe skin while others irritate skin.
Botox
Botox is a product injected into the skin to reduce wrinkles.
Broad Spectrum
Used by sunscreen products providing UVA and UVB protection. This is a marketing slogan and not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration.
Bronzers
Bronzers are skin creams or lotions used to darken the skin. Though bronzers in the past used to create an unnatural look, most newly developed bronzers create a natural looking tan. Sometimes referred to as tanners.
Burdock Extract
Burdock Extract is an antiseptic used for treating acne, eczema and wounds.
Butylparaben
Used as a preservative.
C
Caffeine
Caffeine is often used in skin care products to reduce puffiness around the eyes.
Calendula, Calendula Extract
Calendula is an herb used for soothing and softening skin. Often used for sunburns, chapped hands, bruises, minor wounds, and skin irritation caused by shaving. Used for centuries.
Camphor
Camphor is a skin cooling and antiseptic extract with a fresh, clean scent. It is made from the tree bark of evergreen trees.
Carbamide Peroxide
Chemical used in teeth whitening gels to reduce teeth stains without harming the tooth’s enamel.
Carbomer, Carbomer 940
Carbomers are used as thickeners and emulsifiers in skin care products. They are often used to create gels.
Carrot Root
Helps tone and firm.
Cetearyl Alcohol
Cetearyl Alcohol is made from plant oils coconut and used as an emollient, thickener and emulsifier. It does not dry the skin like many alcohols.
Cetyl Alcohol
Cetyl Alcohol is palm oil made from coconuts. Used as an emollient, thickener and emulsifier. It does not dry the skin like many alcohols.
Chamomile, Chamomile Extract
Chamomile is a flower used to help heal and soothe skin. Often used for its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties to treat acne, soothe sunburn, and make the area around the eyes look better.
Chemical Peels
Long popular with women, these are gaining in popularity with men. Peels often cost between $500 and $3,000. Basically, a chemical is applied to the skin which dissolves the skin’s top layers. Depending on the strength of the peel and the chemicals used for the peel, some redness and swelling can occur. Peels are not as invasive as surgery but should be considered as a serious procedure. Peels are done by either dermatologists or aestheticians. The effect is temporary so repeated treatments are required.
Citronella
Ingredient used in candles and skin care products to repel insects. Its effectiveness is often questioned.
Citric Acid
Citric Acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid made from lemons and oranges.
Citrus Notes
Terms used to describe colognes. Refers to the smell of fresh citrus fruits like lemons, oranges and grapefruits.
Cleansers
Cleansers for the skin can come in many forms. Cleansers are detergent based and should not leave a film residue on the skin which happens with soap. Soap is made from animal tallow and leaves a residue on the skin.
Clinically Tested
Clinically tested products have been subjected to a rigid scientific testing method using human volunteers to prove the product claims of a product.
Coconut
Coconut or coconut oil is known for being antibacterial.
Cocoa Butter
Cocoa Butter is used to lubricate and moisturize the skin and hair.
Cocamide DEA
Cocamide DEA is made from coconut and palm oils. Known as a gentle and effective cleanser.
Coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, Ubiquinone
Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant produced by the body to regenerate and promote health. As people age, their levels of Coenzyme Q10 decline. Some researchers believe Coenzyme Q10 may be therapeutic and effective ingredient in skincare products. Research is ongoing as to whether Coenzyme Q10 is beneficial to the skin and effective when applied topically to the skin.
Collagen
Collagen is a natural part of the skin and gives skin its strength and elasticity. Over time, collagen breaks down and the body can’t replace it completely. The end result of less collagen is wrinkling. Collagen molecules are too large to penetrate the skin so applying collagen on the skin through skin care products does not have an effect.
Cologne
Describes a scented liquid used by men. There are hundreds of colognes varying in scents and prices. Colognes are less floral than perfumes which are designed for women.
Comedones
Comedones are black heads or white heads which occur when a hair follicle becomes plugged with sebum.
Comedogenic
See Non-Comedogenic.
Comfrey, Comfrey Extract
Comfrey has been used in skin care for centuries. It is an anti-inflammatory that helps soothe and reduce skin irritation and heal damaged skin.
Copper Peptides
Copper Peptides are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Independent studies have yet to prove the effectiveness of copper peptides.
Cosmeceutical
Word created by the skin care industry to describe cosmetic products that have some type of therapeutic benefit.
D
D&C
Coloring pigments that may cause skin sensitivity and irritation.
DEA - Diethanolamine
A common foaming agent used in shampoos. Some have voiced concern about the safety of DEA but the FDA has not yet seen sufficient evidence to ban the substance.
Dead Sea Mud, Dead Sea Salt
Obtained from the Dead Sea in Israel, the muds and salts are famous for their invigorating and purifying qualities.
Deionized Water
Deionized Water is filtered water often used in skin care products. The water goes through a process to remove impurities or elements that could interfere with a product’s performance.
Depilation
Depilation is the procedure of removing unwanted hair from the skin.
Dermatitis
Dermatitis refers to general inflammation of the skin which looks red or scaling.
Dermatologist
A medical doctor (MD) who has specialized in dealing with skin, its structure, functions and diseases.
DHA (Dihydroxyacetone)
DHA is an ingredient often used in self-tanners to cause the skin to get darker. Made from sugar cane or sugar beets, it interacts with the outer layer of the skin to turn it brown. Used safely for 80 years, it does not damage the skin.
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)
DHEA is a hormone with possible anti-aging benefits. It is manufactured in the adrenal glands. It is sold as a supplement but should be taken in consultation with your doctor.
Diazolidinyl Urea
Diazolidinyl Urea is a common preservative used in skin care products to stop contamination and growth of bacteria.
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA)
DHA is used in bronzers to help darken the skin.
Dimethicone
Dimethicone is often used in skin care products to moisturize and protect skin. It is made from silica. Leaves a soft smooth feeling.
DMAE – Dimethylaminoethanol
DMAE has become a well known product due to the best selling book called The Wrinkle Cure by Dr. N.V. Perricone. There are claims that DMAE can repair skin but research on its skin benefits has not yet been clearly substantiated in clinical trials. DMAE comes from fish.
E
Earthy
Term used to describe the scent of some colognes. The scent evokes the smell of moss, earth and other similar scents.
Echinacea
Echinacea is often used soothe the skin and reduce itching.
Eczema
Eczema is a skin condition causing reddish, scaly and itchy skin. Its origin is unknown.
EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid)
EDTA is a synthetic preservative.
Elastin
Elastin is used to keep the skin moisturized and prevent drying. Protein fibers that help give strength and texture to skin.
Emollient
Emollients are common skin care ingredients used to moisturize, soothe, and soften the skin. They help form a protective film around the skin and trap moisture inside and are often used to help dry skin restore more moisture. Effective emollients often seen on ingredient lists include shea butter, cocoa butter, petrolatum, lanolin, and mineral oil. Some synthetic emollients may cause skin allergies or irritation.
Emulsifiers
Emulsifiers help thicken products and allow oil-based and water-based ingredients to mix in a product. Some common emulsifiers are polysorbate, carbomer, lecithin, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth, cetyl alcohol, and cetearyl alcohol.
Essential Fatty Acids
Required for the skin’s basic functions, yet not made by the body so must be obtained through food and supplements. Essential fatty acids are comprised of two key ingredients – linoleic and linolenic acids.
Essential Oils
Derived from flowers, plants, leaves, wood and/or grass, essential oils are used in many shaving and skin care products to make the skin smooth and comfortable. Often used for their natural fresh scents instead of using artifical fragrances which can be irritating.
Ethylparaben (see parabens)
A microbial and mild preservative.
Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus Oil
Eucalyptus is a popular ingredient used in products for skin, joint and muscle irritations. Antiseptic and antibacterial, Eucalyptus is often used to help heal chapped skin. Made from the leaves of Eucalyptus trees. Notable, medicinal scent.
Exfoliate, Exfoliant
To exfoliate the skin means to remove a layer of dead skin cells revealing a better looking layer underneath. An exfoliant is a gentle abrasive ingredient used to help remove dead skin cells which should result in the skin looking clearer and better.
F
Fatty Acids/Alcohols
Cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, isostearic acid. Used in skin care products for their emollient and thickening properties.
FDA, The Food and Drug Administration
This federal governmental agency is responsible for regulating the safety of all foods, drugs and cosmetics sold in the US.
FD&C and D&C Colors
These are synthetic coloring pigments. Some may cause skin sensitivity and irritation. According to the FDA, when FD&C is followed by a color, it is certified as safe for use in cosmetics.
Floral
Describes a scent similar to flowers present in some colognes.
Fluoride
Helpful for the health of teeth and gums and often added to public water supplies. Fluoride toothpastes are very common.
Folic Acid
Considered to be an important anti-oxidant when taken orally. No benefit has been shown for applying it directly to the skin.
Folliculitis
Folliculitis is a painful skin condition that occurs when hair is trapped in the skin’s follicle. Ingrown hairs can lead to folliculitis.
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a preservative agent often used in shampoos.
Fragrance
Fragrance is found in many deodorants, shampoos, sunscreens, colognes, skin care, and body care products. Many fragrances are derived from plants while others are synthetically produced. Some fragrances, whether natural or synthetic, can be irritating to the skin. Fragrance is added when the final product doesn’t have a smell or has an unappealing smell. Fragrance does not affect the performance of a product. Though used because they smell good, fragrances are often the cause of skin allergies and rashes.
Fragrance Free
Manufacturers claiming their products are fragrance free or unscented usually mean their products do not have any smell. It does not mean there are no fragrance chemicals in the product.
Free Radicals
Very reactive atoms or molecules that can cause damage to healthy human cells, impair the immune system and lead to degenerative diseases.
Fresh Notes
Used to describe citrus or green scents in some colognes.
G
Gingivitis
Inflammation and bleeding of the gums due to the buildup of plaque or tarter.
Ginkgo Biloba Extract
Gingko Biloba Extract is an anti-oxidant herb used to reduce inflammation.
Ginseng
Nourishes and rejuvenates.
Glycolic Acids
Glycolic Acids are alpha hydroxyl acids made from sugar cane. Often used to gently remove the upper skin layers and hydrate the skin. Helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. See AHA’s.
Glycerin, Glycerine, Glycerol
Glycerin is a popular skin care ingredient derived from plants or made synthetically from petrochemicals. It helps absorb and hold moisture in the skin. Also used in many popular shaving creams and lotions because it creates a slick surface on the skin for easier shaving and helps prevent irritation from razors. Non-irritating and soothing.
Glyceryl Stearate
Glyceryl Stearate is made from glycerin and stearic acid. It is used as an emollient and emulsifier.
Grape Seed Extract
Grape Seed Extract is a potent anti-oxidant made from grapes. Used for its lubricating properties and ability to help reduce irritation. Helps boost Vitamin C.
Green Notes
Used to describe freshly cut grass or leaf scents in some colognes.
Green Tea Extract (Camellia Sinensis)
Green Tea Extract is an anti-oxidant used in many skin care products to reduce inflammation and minimize fine lines and wrinkles. Usually grown in Asia, many studies have indicated health benefits from regularly drinking green tea. However, long term studies are needed to determine its effectiveness in skin care products.
H
Herbs
Dervied from plants, herbs are vegetable matter used in the form of leaves, flowers or roots. Their use throughout history is well-documented as both effective and safe.
Humectants
Humectants are used to attract moisture from the air and help the skin surface retain water. Common humectants are glycerin, propylene glycol and sodium PCA.
Hyaluronic Acid (Sodium Hyaluronate)
Hyaluronic Acid is very effective for skin moisturization and minimizing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. A natural substance found in skin cells. It occurs in greater abundance in younger skin.
Hydrate
Hydrating the skin means adding moisture.
Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide is used to kill bacteria.
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is used to lighten brown patches and age spots on the skin by reducing the production of melanin. Sun rays, which encourage the production of melanin, should be avoided when using products with hydroquinone.
Hydroxy Acids
Commonly refers to Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA’s) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHA’s) made from fruits. Hydroxy Acids are very popular skin care ingredients. They are used to gently remove the upper layers of old skin and stimulate the growth of smooth, nicer looking skin.
Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of skin caused by the suns rays. Sometimes referred to "age" or "liver" spots.
Hypoallergenic
Products claiming to be hypoallergenic are less likely to cause an allergic reaction. Manufacturers claiming hypoallergenic products are not required to submit any type of substantiation with the FDA which is the government agency responsible for regulating skin care products.
I
Idebenone
Idebenone is a newer antioxidant used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Inaidazolidinyl Urea
Preservative.
Ingrown Hairs
Ingrown hairs are ofen referred to as razor bumps and occur as a result of shaving. The medical term for this condition is folliculitis or pseudofolliculitis. Many men with curly hair suffer from this condition. The causes are often dull razor blades, and shaving creams and aftershaves with drying and irritating alcohol. Use sharp blades, don’t press so hard when shaving, and only use non-drying, alcohol free products on your face.
Isopropyl Alcohol
Antiseptic used for its anti-bacteria properties in cleaning pores.
Isopropyl Palmitate
Made from Palm Oil. Used as an emulsifier and emollient.
J
Jasmine Oil
A stimulating oil used to warm and smooth the skin.
Jojoba, Jojoba Oil
Jojoba is extracted from the beans of desert plants in the southwestern area of the US. It’s a multi-purpose ingredient used to moisturize extra dry and flaky skin and minimize the appearance of lines and wrinkles. Also popular for hair and scalp conditioning. Often used in massage oils.
K
Kaolin
Kaolin is a natural clay usually white in color. Used to refine the skin and help clear up acne.
Keloids
Scar tissue formed when a wound heals.
Kinetin
An ingredient made from plants and used to help reduce wrinkles and make the face smoother.
Kiwi Extract
Extracted from kiwi fruit grown in the tropics. Sometimes used as a fragrance.
Kojic Acid
Kojic Acid is made from mushrooms and used to lighten the skin and reduce the appearance of darkened skin areas.
Kola Nut Extract
Relieves inflammation, helps heal and calm the skin.
L
Lactic Acid
Lactic Acid is a alpha hydroxyl acid made from milk. (AHA’s). It is used to exfoliate and smooth the skin and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Lanolin
Lanolin is made from the wax on sheep’s wool and used as a skin lubricant, protectant, and emollient. It is a very good moisturizer and is often used to help dry skin. Unfortunately, it may cause allergic reactions in some people.
Lauramide DEA
Lauramide DEA is a foaming cleansing agent used in shampoos and bubble baths.
Lavender, Lavender Oil
Lavender is a plant extract and oil used for its soothing and healing effects. A popular fragrance, it can sometimes be irritating to the skin. Often used for oily skin and acne. Also used to promote sleep.
Lecithin
Lecithin is an antioxidant made from soybeans. It protects and nourishes the skin.
Lemon
Lemon is a popular fragrance in shampoos but it can be irritating to the scalp.
Licorice Extract
Helps even skin tone.
Linoleic Acid
An essential fatty acid used as an emollient and skin condition agent.
Lipids
Lipids comprise a wide range of ingredients used as emollients and thickening agents.
Liposomes
These are not ingredients but microscopic spheres used to deliver skin care products through the surface of the skin.
Lycopene
Antioxidant from red fruits and vegetables with the best source being cooked tomatoes.
M
Malic Acid
Malic Acid is a alpha hydroxyl acid (AHA’s) used to exfoliate the skin. It naturally occurs in apples, cherries and tomatoes.
Marshmallow Extract
Soothes irritated skin.
Melanoma
A form of skin cancer usually curable if diagnosed early. (possibly link to cancer site)
Melanin
Melanin produces color in the skin and hair to protect them from the damaging effects of the sun. Exposure to the sun increases the production of melanin and the appearance of a tan.
Menthol
Menthol has been traditionally used in many men’s shaving creams and aftershaves because of its seemingly cooling properties and making the skin feel clean. However, menthol can be very irritating to many men’s skins and can contribute to skin irritation during and after shaving. It is made from Peppermint Oil.
Methylparaben
Non-irritating and commonly used preservative. See Parabens.
Mineral Oil
Safe and long-used moisturizer with no odor. Though made from petroleum, which is a naturally occurring substance, mineral oil is clear and has no resemblance to petroleum.
Moisturizers
Moisturizers are popular products used to hydrate the skin so it looks and feels better. Moisturizers are common products for dry and wrinkled skin. They do not cure or prevent wrinkles and fine lines but mask them by plumping up the skin for a period of time. Men with oily skin and acne prone skin should only use moisturizers formulated for their skin type. Moisturizers often contain emollients and humectants as well as vitamins, antioxidants and alpha hydroxyl acids. Moisturizers can be either lotions or creams and be used on the hands, body and face.
N
Natural Ingredients
Natural Ingredients are popular buzz words used freely in the media and by companies marketing products. There is no formal definition or regulation of Natural Ingredients or Natural Products by the FDA. There are many beneficial as well as harmful or irritating natural ingredients for skin care products. There is no evidence that natural skin care ingredients necessarily produce superior results than synthetic ingredients.
NAPCA (Sodium PCA)
Made from plants, it is a moisturizer, humectant and emollient used in many products.
Non-Comedogenic
Non-comedogenic products won’t cause blackheads or clog pores. Though there is no standardized test for a company to base this type of claim, non-comedogenic products are usually tested on people prone to acne. If they don’t break out, the manufacturers consider the product non-comedogenic. The term is not regulated by the FDA or recognized by dermatologists.
Nutriceutical
A nutritional supplement that provides health benefits. Usually in the form of a drink or pill.
O
Octinozate, Octyl Methoxycinnamate
Octinozate is used in sunscreens to absorb the ultraviolet rays (mostly UVB) of the sun. It is non-allergenic and doesn’t dissolve in water.
Olive Oil
Olive Oil is made from olives and has been used for centuries for both dietary and cosmetic benefits. Rich in Vitamin E, it is considered to be a good antioxidant and moisturizing ingredient.
Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3)
Oxybenzone is a chemical ingredient approved by the FDA and used to shield the skin from the damaging effects of the ultraviolet (mostly UVA) rays of the sun. Often used in conjunction with other sunscreens.
P
PABA (Para Amino Benzoic Acid)
PABA is used in making sunscreens because it absorbs the UVB rays of the sun. It may cause allergic reactions.
Panthenol, Pro-Vitamin B5
Panthenol moisturizes skin, repairs hair damage, and increases hair thickness. It is derived from Vitamin B5.
Parabens
Parabens are commonly used preservatives in skin care products to prevent the growth of bacteria. The most common are mthylparaben, propylparaben, ethylparaben and butylparaben.
Parsol 1789 (Avobenzone)
Absorbs the entire range of damaging UVA rays from the sun. Feels light and elegant on the skin.
Pentapeptide-3
A collagen-boosting ingredient made from in the laboratory from amino acids.
Peptides
Compounds made of two or more amino acids which help erase fine lines, firms and brightens.
Petrolatum, Petroleum Jelly
Petrolatum or Petroleum Jelly are the same substance and used to soothe dry skin. They are very effective emollients and moisturizers.
pH
The amount of hydrogen present in a substance determines the acid or alkaline level of a product. In the skin it is the pH of the acid mantle (the protective fluid made up of perspiration, oils and other debris lying over the live part of the dermis that is considered importhat to the health of the skin.
Photoaging
Photaging refers to the premature aging of the skin due to too much exposure to the sun.
Phytic Acid
Helps fight bacteria and gently removes dead skin.
Pigmentation
Pigmentation refers to a discoloration of the skin.
Pores
Pores are the tiny openings in the skin that let sweat come out. Pores sometimes become clogged which leads to blackheads or acne.
Preservatives
Preservatives are ingredients used to ensure the shelf life of a product by reducing or eliminating contamination and preventing the product from spoiling.
Propylene Glycol
A commonly used humectant. Despite some misleading information, this ingredient is safe.
Propylparaben
Non-irritating and commonly used preservative. See Parabens.
Protectants
These ingredients seal and protect skin from moisture loss. Some examples are allantoin and dimethicone (silicone).
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition causing red scaling patches to usually appear on the elbows, knees, trunk and scalp. It is not contagious and the cause is unknown. Psoriasis should be treated by a dermatologist.
Pumice
Pumice comes from volcanic rock. It’s abrasive properties are good for removing dead skin cells. It is often used in cleansers.
Pycnogenol
Pycnogenol is a strong antioxidant made from the bark of trees from France.
Q
R
Razor Bumps
Razor bumps and ingrown hairs are both the same skin problem which results from shaving. The medical term for this condition is folliculitis or pseudofolliculitis. Many men with curly hair suffer from this condition. The causes are often dull razor blades, and shaving creams and aftershaves with drying and irritating alcohol. Use sharp blades, don’t press so hard when shaving, and only use non-drying, alcohol free products on your face.
Razor Burn
You feel razor burn when you scrape off too much skin while shaving. This usually occurs from either pushing too hard on your face with the razor, shaving in the same area too many times, or using a poor quality shaving cream/lotion/gel that doesn’t lubricate enough for the razor to slip easily over your face. If you suffer from razor burn, experiment with several different shaving creams. Never apply any products with alcohol to your face if you are suffering from razor burn.
Retin A and Renova
Retin A and Renova are the brand names of a very important active ingredient called tretinoin which is one of the few products that has been documented in well-designed studies to reduce fine lines and wrinkles, Tretinoin increases skin exfoliation and cell turnover so the skin looks younger and better. Retin A can only be obtained through a prescription. People using Retin A need to stay out of the sun and may find their skin becoming irritated and dry.
Retinol (also see Vitamin A)
Retinol is a Vitamin A compound. A popular antioxidant ingredient for nonprescription skin care products, it is used to improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles and skin texture. Retinol is not as strong as another Vitamin A compound called Tretinoin which is only available in prescription treatments.
Retinyl Palmitate (also see Vitamin A)
Retinyl Palmitate is a form of Vitamin A. It is similar to Retinol but less irritating so it can be used in higher concentrations.
Rosacea
Rosacea is an adult skin disease often associated with redness and small blood vessels appearing on cheeks, nose, chin and the forehead. Rosacea should be treated by a dermatologist.
Rose Hip Oil
Helps heal and calm.
Rosemary, Rosemary Extract
A plant extract valued for its stimulating feel on the skin. Used for centuries for aching muscles, fragrance, hair and scalp conditioner.
S
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic Acid occurs naturally in several plants and has been used for centuries. It is a popular skin care ingredient used to treat a variety of conditions such as lines and wrinkles, acne, dandruff and ingrown hairs. It exfoliates the skin helping it to look better. Salicylic Acid is a Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA).
SD Alcohols
See alcohol.
Sea Kelp
Sea Kelp is made from seaweed and used as a skin soother.
Seaweed Extract
Mineral rich, revitalizes, nourishes and draws water to the skin.
Seborrhea
Seborrhea is a skin condition referring to severe oily skin.
Sebum
Sebum is the scientific name for oil in the skin.
Shea Butter
Shea Butter is made from the nuts of a tropical African tree called the Karite Tree. It is non-irritating and used in creams and lotions for moisturizing, smoothing, and helping cracked, dry skin.
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate is made from palm and coconut oils. A gentle, effective cleanser used in many products. Milder than sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate is made from palm and coconut oils. It is a surfactant and used in many cleansers and shampoos. When used in high concentrations it may be irritating and replaced with sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) which is less irritating. It has been safely used for over 50 years and is approved by the FDA for use in skin care products. There have been some rumours on the Internet that SLS can cause cancer but there is no scientific substantiation to this claim.
Sodium PCA
Sodium PCA is a moisturizing ingredient used for dry and sensitive skin.
Sorbitol
Made from either furits, seaweed and algae or synthetically. A humectant giving skin a very smooth feel. Similar to glycerin.
SPF
The letters stand for “Sun Protection Factor” which is a numerical rating system used to describe the amount of UVB sun rays that are blocked by a sunscreen. An SPF 15 blocks about 95% of the UVB sun rays. SPF ratings do not provide information on blocking UVA rays.
Spicy Notes
Used to describe strong scents such as cinnamon or clove used in some colognes.
Squalane, Squalene
An oil made from olives or shark liver and used for its rich, soothing and moisturizing properties.
Stearic Acid
Stearic Acid is a widely used ingredient used as an emollient and thickening agent.
Stearyl Alcohol
Stearyl Alcohol is a widely-used emollient.
St. Johns Wort
Relieves irritation.
Surfactant
Surfactant is an acronym for “Surface Active Agent”. Used in many cleansers to allow the formation of soap bubbles and lather in products so the skin can easily be rinsed of dirt and oil.
T
TEA (Triethanolamine)
Commonly used in shampoos, soaps and facial cleansers.
Tea Tree Oil, Tea Tree Extract
Tea Tree Oil is made from the leaves of the Melaleuca tree in Australia where it has been used for centuries by Aborigines. It is used as an antiseptic and for itching, irritation and treating acne prone skin. The scent is clean and is similar to eucalyptus.
Thickening Agents
Substances that give skin care products their distinctive feel and form.
Titanium Dioxide (Ti02)
Titanium Dioxide is a FDA-approved thick, natural white mineral used as a sunscreen to physically block UVA and UVB sun rays.
Tocopherol Acetate
Tocopherol Acetate is a synthetic form of Vitamin E. See Vitamin E.
Tocopheryl Lineolate
Moisturizer ingredient used to minimize the appearance of wrinkles. See Vitamin E.
Toner
Toners are used after cleansers to clean any traces of dirt and remove any soap or cleanser residue. Most men don’t use toners.
Tretinoin
Synthetic form of Vitamin A. Better known as the presecription drug called Retin A which is used to treat acne and other skin disorders.
Triclosan
Triclosan is an anti-bacterial ingredient often used in acne products.
U
Ultraviolet Radiation, UVA, UVB
Ultraviolet radiation comes from the invisible rays of the sun. The letters UV mean ultraviolet. The sun produces different types of ultraviolet rays. "UVA" rays cause “aging” while "UVB" rays cause “sunburns” and cancer.
Urea
Urea is a moisturizing ingredient used for attracting and retaining moisture in the skin.
V
Vitamin A (Retinol, Retinyl Palmitate)
Vitamin A is a popular antioxidant used to improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles and skin texture.
Vitamin C (Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate)
Vitamin C is a popular antioxidant used for reducing wrinkles and rejuvenating skin. Offered in several forms such as ascorbyl palmitate or ascorbic acid. Vitamin C breaks down when exposed to light so many skin care products with Vitamin C come in dark bottles or tubes.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a popular antioxidant used to improve healthy skin and hair and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Some consider Vitamin E to be among the most effective skin care ingredients.
W
Water, Deionize Water
The primary ingredient in many skin care products. Usually filtered through a microfilter to remove minerals before being put into a product. "Deionized" or "Triple Purified" water has been through additions filtering processes to remove more impurities.
Wheat Protein
Ingredient used to nourish, condition, and moisturize the skin.
Whiteheads
Whiteheads are a skin condition referring to small white bumps that appear on the skin. They are caused by dead skin cells that become trapped and filled with oil and bacteria.
White Tea
Potent antioxidant ingredient.
Willow Bark
Willow Bark is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Made from the bark of the white willow tree, it is a source of salicylic acid.
Willowherb Extract
Soothes and calms irritated skin.
Witch Hazel, Witch Hazel Extract
Witch Hazel is made from a small tree called Hamamelis which grows primarily in the eastern US. Used for its soothing and astringent properties. Witch Hazel can be an irritant.
Woody Notes
Used to describe freshly cut wood scents like cedarwood or sandalwood used in some colognes.
X-Y-Z
Xanthan Gum
Xanthan Gum is used to thicken a product and soothe the skin.
Ylang Ylang Oil
Ylang Ylang Oil has a sweet, floral scent. Often used in soap.
Yucca Extract
Extracted from plants of the western warm regions of North America.
Zinc
Zinc is a naturally occurring element that helps skin and hair health.
Zinc Oxide
Zinc Oxide is a white pigment from the chamomile plant often found in sunscreens and sunblocks because it physically blocks the UV rays of the sun.
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